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• Major depressive symptoms and escalation of drinking among new drinkers in the United States: Variations across sex and age groups June 19, 2021
  CONCLUSIONS: The relationships linking major depressive symptoms and the transition from drinking to first heavy drinking episode vary across age, sex, and depressive symptoms.
  Hui G Cheng
• Pediatric anxiety associated with altered facial emotion recognition June 19, 2021
  Multiple psychiatric disorders are associated with difficulties in facial emotion recognition. However, generalized anxiety disorder may be associated with more accurate recognition of others' emotional expressions, particularly expressions of happiness and fear, which index safety and threat. Children aged 9-14 from a community sample (N = 601) completed a facial emotion labeling task. Children's symptoms […]
  Lance M Rappaport
• Potential causal effect of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) on alcohol use disorder and alcohol consumption in individuals of European descent: A Mendelian Randomization Study June 13, 2021
  CONCLUSIONS: These findings are consistent with the self-medication model, in which individuals misuse alcohol as a way of coping with aversive trauma-related symptoms. These findings extend latent and molecular findings of shared and correlated risk between PTSD and alcohol phenotypes. Given the health behaviors associated with these phenotypes, these findings are important in that they […]
  Kaitlin E Bountress
• Sex-Dependent Shared and Nonshared Genetic Architecture Across Mood and Psychotic Disorders June 8, 2021
  CONCLUSIONS: In the largest genome-wide G×S analysis of mood and psychotic disorders to date, there was substantial genetic overlap between the sexes. However, significant sex-dependent effects were enriched for genes related to neuronal development and immune and vascular functions across and within SCZ, BIP, and MDD at the variant, gene, and pathway levels.
  Gabriëlla A M Blokland
• Baseline brain function in the preadolescents of the ABCD Study June 8, 2021
  The Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study^(®) is a 10-year longitudinal study of children recruited at ages 9 and 10. A battery of neuroimaging tasks are administered biennially to track neurodevelopment and identify individual differences in brain function. This study reports activation patterns from functional MRI (fMRI) tasks completed at baseline, which were designed to […]
  B Chaarani
• Mediational Pathways From Genetic Risk to Alcohol Use Disorder in Swedish Men and Women June 8, 2021
  CONCLUSIONS: Our models concurred in showing that the strongest mediational pathway for genetic risk to AUD includes externalizing symptoms and disorders, which in turn predict further key downstream risk factors. Pathways through lower EA and IPP had smaller effects. IPP had mixed effects (partly predisposing and partly protective) on downstream risk factors. The largest sex […]
  Kenneth S Kendler
• Early expressions of psychopathology and risk associated with trans-diagnostic transition to mood and psychotic disorders in adolescents and young adults June 4, 2021
  CONCLUSIONS: The findings need replication in independent cohorts. However, the use of CHAID might provide a means of identifying specific subsets of trans-diagnostic symptoms representing clinical phenotypes that predict transition to caseness in individuals at risk of onset of major mental disorders.
  Jan Scott
• Top-down causation in psychiatric disorders: a clinical-philosophical inquiry June 2, 2021
  Psychiatry has long debated whether the causes of mental illness can be better explained by reductionist or pluralistic accounts. Although the former relies on commonsense scientific bottom-up causal models, the latter (which typically include environmental, psychological, and/or socio-cultural risk factors) requires top-down causal processes often viewed with skepticism, especially by neuroscientists. We begin with four […]
  Kenneth S Kendler
• Coronary heart disease in mothers and fathers of adult children with alcohol use disorders June 1, 2021
  CONCLUSIONS: In Sweden there appears to be an association between having an offspring with alcohol use disorder and increased risk of developing coronary heart disease. For fathers, the association did not remain in co-sibling analyses.
  Susanna Calling
• The patterns of family genetic risk scores for eleven major psychiatric and substance use disorders in a Swedish national sample May 28, 2021
  To clarify the structure of genetic risks for 11 major psychiatric disorders, we calculated, from morbidity risks for disorders in 1st-5th degree relatives controlling for cohabitation effects, in the Swedish population born between 1932 and 1995 (n = 5,830,014), the family genetic risk scores (FGRS) for major depression (MD), anxiety disorders (AD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), […]
  Kenneth S Kendler
• Correction to: The Augmented Classical Twin Design: Incorporating Genome-Wide Identity by Descent Sharing Into Twin Studies in Order to Model Violations of the Equal Environments Assumption May 27, 2021
  No abstract
  Liang-Dar Hwang
• Longitudinal Examination of the Impact of Resilience and Stressful Life Events on Alcohol Use Disorder Outcomes May 26, 2021
  Stressful life events (SLEs) are a risk factor for alcohol use problems, and there is a need for identification of factors that may offset this risk. Resilience is uniquely, inversely associated with alcohol use, but there remains a dearth of research examining the buffering effect of resilience toward alcohol use problems in the context of […]
  Christina M Sheerin
• Item-Level Genome-Wide Association Study of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test in Three Population-Based Cohorts May 14, 2021
  CONCLUSIONS: This work further emphasizes the value of AUDIT for both clinical and genetic studies of AUD and the importance of using multivariate methods to study genetic associations that are more closely related to AUD.
  Travis T Mallard
• Days out of role and somatic, anxious-depressive, hypo-manic, and psychotic-like symptom dimensions in a community sample of young adults May 14, 2021
  Improving our understanding of the causes of functional impairment in young people is a major global challenge. Here, we investigated the relationships between self-reported days out of role and the total quantity and different patterns of self-reported somatic, anxious-depressive, psychotic-like, and hypomanic symptoms in a community-based cohort of young adults. We examined self-ratings of 23 […]
  Jacob J Crouse
• Periventricular and deep abnormal white matter differ in associations with cognitive performance at midlife May 10, 2021
  Objective: Abnormal white matter (AWM) on magnetic resonance imaging is associated with cognitive performance in older adults. We explored cognitive associations with AWM during late-midlife. Method: Participants were community-dwelling men (n = 242; M = 61.90 years; range = 56-66). Linear-mixed effects regression models examined associations of total, periventricular, and deep AWM with cognitive performance, […]
  Mark Sanderson-Cimino
• Gene Expression Differences Between Young Adults Based on Trauma History and Post-traumatic Stress Disorder April 26, 2021
  Background: The purpose of this study was to identify gene expression differences associated with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and trauma exposure (TE) in a three-group study design comprised of those with and without trauma exposure and PTSD. Methods: We conducted gene expression and gene network analyses in a sample (n = 45) composed of female […]
  Kaitlin E Bountress
• Using Genetic Marginal Effects to Study Gene-Environment Interactions with GWAS Data April 26, 2021
  Gene-environment interactions (GxE) play a central role in the theoretical relationship between genetic factors and complex traits. While genome wide GxE studies of human behaviors remain underutilized, in part due to methodological limitations, existing GxE research in model organisms emphasizes the importance of interpreting genetic associations within environmental contexts. In this paper, we present a […]
  Brad Verhulst
• Psychiatric Resilience and Alcohol Resistance: A Twin Study of Genetic Correlation and Sex Differences April 24, 2021
  Variability in psychiatric response following stressful/traumatic life events is frequently observed. There is also variability in propensity for alcohol use disorder (AUD) such that some can consume substantial amounts and not develop AUD symptoms whereas others develop an AUD. Our group has applied discrepancy-based approaches to capture psychiatric resilience (PR) and alcohol resistance (AR), both […]
  Christina M Sheerin
• Iterative Revision of the <em>DSM</em>: An Interim Report From the <em>DSM-5</em> Steering Committee April 22, 2021
  After the publication of DSM-5, the American Psychiatric Association moved to a model of iterative DSM revision. Proposals for changes-including addition and deletion of diagnostic categories-can be made whenever data become available to support these changes. Criteria for consideration of proposals and a multistage review process have been created. This Open Forum reports on the […]
  Paul S Appelbaum
• Clarifying the Genetic Influences on Nicotine Dependence and Quantity of Use in Cigarette Smokers April 22, 2021
  Nicotine dependence and smoking quantity are both robustly associated with the CHRNA5-A3-B4 gene cluster in the 15q25 region, and SNP rs16969968 in particular. The purpose of this paper is to use structural equation modeling techniques (SEM) to disentangle the complex pattern of relationships between rs16969968, nicotine quantity (as measured by the number of cigarettes an […]
  Brad Verhulst