SPSS
Software Description: IBM SPSS Statistics (SPSS) is a popular software package used for statistical analysis, charting, reporting, data management, and data documentation. The SPSS Statistics package includes IBM SPSS Statistics Base, Advanced Statistics, Bootstrapping, Categories, Complex Samples, Conjoint, Custom Tables, Data Preparation, Decision Trees, Direct Marketing, Exact Tests, Forecasting, Missing Values, Neural Networks, and Regression.
Platform: Windows, Mac, Linux
Cost: No Charge
Conditions of License
The academic/teaching version of SPSS is available for download to those who wish to use the software on a personal or university computer. Administrative use licenses must be obtained separately. Commercial research use is prohibited; only non-commercial academic research is allowed. Other methods are available for accessing SPSS on and off-campus without the need for installation.
Terms of License
VCU has acquired a site license for SPSS that is restricted to VCU academic teaching/research use only. Any other use, including administrative use, is prohibited. If you need SPSS for admin purposes, an exclusive SPSS administrative use license is available.
SPSS products obtained under the VCU Academic Site license are subject to the following conditions:
- All software installations must be registered. SPSS obtained via the above DownloadDownload/Renew-Register tab is automatically registered. If you receive the SPSS installation files elsewhere, such as from a fellow student or colleague, those SPSS installations must be registered by following the steps listed within the above DownloadDownload/Renew-Register tab.
- Installation and licensing are limited to computers owned by:
- VCU or VCUHS
- Currently enrolled VCU students *
- Currently employed faculty or staff members of VCU or VCHHS *
- Usage is limited to currently enrolled VCU students and currently employed faculty or staff members of VCU or VCHHS.
- Usage is limited to VCU or VCUHS related academic teaching and non-commercial academic research.
- Any other use, including but not limited to university administration and operations, is strictly prohibited. In particular, the following are prohibited:
- VCU or VCUHS administrative use
- McGuire VA Medical Center use
- You may not resell this license and or the products it covers.
* NOTE: If your VCU enrollment or employment or your computer ownership ends, the SPSS products must immediately be uninstalled.
Non-commercial Academic Research
Non-commercial academic research is research by degree-seeking students and faculty members where
(i) the results of such research are not intended primarily for the benefit of a third party;
(ii) such results are made available to anyone without restriction on use, copying or further distribution; and
(iii) any copy of any such result is furnished for no more than the cost of hosting, reproduction, and shipping.
Administrative Use
Although administrative use of SPSS is prohibited under the VCU site license, individual administrative licenses may be purchased through the VCU education contract at a discounted price. Please contact the IT Support Center for more information.
Access to SPSS – Teaching and Research Only
There are several methods by which students, faculty, and staff may access SPSS for academic teaching and non-commercial academic research. Some provide access on or off-campus without installing the application on your computer.
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Register, download, and install a copy of SPSS - A personal copy of SPSS may be installed on your computer. Please visit the Download/Renew-Register tab above.
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Login to App2Go Server - If you need quick access to SPSS, the software may be accessed from the App2Go server via a web browser. App2Go provides you access to SPSS virtually. SPSS appears to be running on your local computer, and you can open and save files on your computer and print on your local printer. More information is provided on the App2Go website and how to use the app2Go server.
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SPSS in the Library - SPSS may be accessed from any of the VCU Libraries computers via the App2Go server. The library loaner laptops also provide access to SPSS.
Access to SPSS – Administrative Use
If you need to use SPSS for administrative purposes, you must obtain a particular "admin" version of SPSS. It is illegal to use the "academic" version of SPSS (discussed above) for administrative purposes. Please contact the IT Support Center for assistance if you wish to acquire the administrative software.
Other Issues
Accessibility
For information about accessibility issues, please see the IBM PDF document Configuring Assistive Technology Software.
File Compatibility Between SPSS Versions
Please see Compatibility of SPSS files between different versions
Download - Install SPSS (Academic Research and Teaching Only)
(If you need SPSS for administrative use, please visit the Access tab above.)
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Review the IBM SPSS System Requirements.
Select your desired version and scroll through the list provided to find your operating system.
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Select your desired version below to begin the registration and download process.
You must complete the displayed online registration form to gain access to the SPSS software download link, as described in step 3 below.
- SPSS 27 - Windows
- SPSS 27 - Mac (macOS 10.13, 10.14, 10.15, and 11.0 on Intel and Apple M1* )
- SPSS 27 - Linux
- SPSS 26 - Windows
- SPSS 26 - Mac (macOS 10.10 thru 10.15, and 11.0** on Intel and Apple M1* )
- SPSS 26 - Linux
* According to IBM Inc.: "SPSS Statistics will still work on the new M1 hardware but may not run as fast. We are investigating how to optimize SPSS Statistics with the new M1 hardware."
** Running SPSS 26 on macOS 11 Big Sur requires Fix Pack 26.0.0.2 for Mac.
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In the ensuing screen, complete and submit the online License Registration Form, and then download the software:
- Read the SPSS license requirements in the registration form.
- Check all boxes to confirm your agreement with the license terms. All licensing conditions must be abided by, or the license will be revoked.
- Select your Installation Location(s).
- Select the number of licenses to be installed/registered.
- Press the Continue button.
- A registration confirmation screen will appear containing the SPSS download link(s). Download the SPSS installation file.
- An email will be sent to your VCU address containing an SPSS authorization code, which you will need for licensing SPSS on your computer.
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Install the SPSS software according to these instructions:
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After installation, you must license your SPSS software, using the authorization code that was emailed to you — see the "LICENSING INSTRUCTIONS" step below.
Renew - Register SPSS (Academic Research & Teaching Only)
(If you need SPSS for administrative use, please visit the Access tab above.)
SPSS software expires each June and December. To renew your SPSS license or to register SPSS installations that were previously unregistered, please follow the steps below. A license authorization code will be emailed to your VCU address, which you can use to license or renew the license of your software.
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Select your desired SPSS version for renewal/registration:
- In the ensuing screen, complete and submit the online registration form — see details in step 3 above (ignore the download step).
- After submitting the form, a registration confirmation screen will appear, and an SPSS authorization code will be sent to your VCU email.
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LICENSING INSTRUCTIONS: Select the desired version to see how to apply the authorization code to license your software:
Learn SPSS
SPSS learning resources are available to all VCU students, faculty, and staff. VCU provides hands-on training on the basics of SPSS. Online tutorials are available through IBM and LinkedIn Learning. Written documentation is available in book form and online.
SPSS Courses
- Instructor-led Courses - VCU
- Self-paced Online Courses - IBM
- O'Reilly for Higher Education - SPSS video tutorials, e-books, and other online resources (free to VCU). Log in with your VCU eID, then search for "SPSS," then select the desired format.
- VCU LinkedIn Learning - SPSS video tutorials (free to VCU). Log in with your VCU eID, then search for "SPSS."
SPSS Books
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SPSS related books, video tutorials, and resources may be viewed online for free by VCU students, faculty, and staff, because of VCU Libraries subscription with O'Reilly for Higher Education. Log in with your VCU eID, then search for "SPSS" (or a specific title), then select the desired format.
IBM Manuals, Documents & Tutorials
- SPSS 24 Brief Guide (PDF)
Older Manuals
- These two SPSS 21 manuals are listed here because they contain significantly more information than their version 22 and later counterparts. That information is still accurate for the current version of SPSS.
- This SPSS 10 manual contains an explanation of how to import fixed-width (column aligned) text data into SPSS. Although this is an old manual, that explanation is still accurate for current versions of SPSS, except for the four exceptions noted below, and, to our knowledge, it is not available elsewhere. See the section READING TEXT DATA on pages 4-19 through 4-35 in this manual. You will also want to download and then extract (unzip) the manual's exercise files, using the second link below.
The Basics: SPSS 10 for Windows (exercise files for this manual)
Exceptions:
- At the bottom of page 4-20 in this SPSS 10 manual, perform the following four steps, instead of the three steps shown in the manual:
- From the SPSS menus, select File / Import Data / Text Data.
- In the ensuing dialog box, navigate to the Gss91Sm.dat data file on your computer. If you have downloaded and extracted (unzipped) the exercise files, using the above link, "Gss91Sm.dat" will be among those files. SINGLE-click this file to just select it.
- In the Encoding drop-down list in the dialog box, select Local Encoding.
- Click Open.
- This refers to Step 2 of the text import wizard, whose explanation begins on page 4-22. In the dialog box, in the section entitled, Are variable names included at the top of your file?, be sure to select No, as shown in the manual We mention this because in current versions of SPSS the default setting is "Yes."
- In Step 4 of the text import wizard, whose explanation begins on page 4-24, the manual says that you delete a break line by dragging it off the screen. But you instead must select it with your mouse and then click the Delete button.
- This refers to Step 5 of the text import wizard, whose explanation begins on page 4-28. In that explanation, the manual states that variable names are limited to 8 characters; however, that limit is now 64 characters in current versions of SPSS. Also, in the wizard dialog box, the default "Data format" displayed by current versions of SPSS is "Automatic" (instead of numeric or string). This means that the wizard will automatically determine each variable's format, based on the type of data found in its column. If desired, you may override that and select a specific format from the drop-down list, such as numeric or string.
There are a few other minor differences that you will encounter in these pages, but they should not be a problem. Note that you can click the Help button in each dialog box to get assistance.
- At the bottom of page 4-20 in this SPSS 10 manual, perform the following four steps, instead of the three steps shown in the manual:
Updates, Support, Using R
Periodic SPSS updates are issued throughout the year. Technical and consulting support is available to SPSS users. R programs can be utilized within SPSS.
SPSS Updates / Fix Packs
IBM releases occasional updates, called "fix packs," to correct bugs and other SPSS software issues. An email notification will be sent to all registered VCU users as new fix packs become available.
You are strongly encouraged to download and install any fix pack listed below for your version of SPSS. If unsure whether a fix pack has already been installed, launch SPSS and select the Help ↠ About SPSS menu item. If the release number noted in the bottom corner of the ensuing screen, for example, Release 27.0.1.0, matches the fix pack number listed just below, that fix pack has been installed.
- Windows SPSS 27: Fix Pack 27.0.1.0 for Windows
- Windows SPSS 26: Fix Pack 26.0.0.1 for Windows
- Mac SPSS 27: Fix Pack 27.0.1.0 for Mac
- Mac SPSS 26: Fix Pack 26.0.0.2 for Mac
- Linux SPSS 27: Fix Pack 27.0.1.0 for Linux
- Linux SPSS 26: Fix Pack 26.0.0.1 for Linux
Support
VCU Technology Services provides support for issues with SPSS installation and licensing. You may submit a request for assistance through the IT Support Center.
The Department of Statistical Sciences & Operations Research provides free consultation services, including support for research work, statistical advice, and analytical know-how. These are available by appointment to all current VCU students, faculty, and staff.
The VCU SPSS email listserv provides subscribers timely notification of SPSS upgrades, maintenance fixes, training and learning opportunities, and other related news. Users who download or renew SPSS from the VCU website are automatically subscribed. You may also manually subscribe by visiting SPSS Listserv (VCU email address required).
Using R with SPSS
Mac Big Sur Note: SPSS Statistics fails to load R libraries when you attempt to run R extensions or any R plug-in syntax on Big Sur. A workaround is to rename the libc++.1.dylib and libc++abi.1.dylib libraries (for example, change the filename extensions to '.dylibx'). These libraries are located under the R 3.5 or 3.6 lib folder (for example, /Library/Frameworks/R.framework/Versions/3.6/Resources/lib). Renaming the libraries prevents older R library versions from loading and ensures that the correct system libraries are loaded.
You can run R programs within SPSS to analyze the data files that you have opened in SPSS. R is a free software environment for statistical analysis, graphics, and more.
Setup:
To be able to run R programs within SPSS, you must perform these one-time setup procedures:
- If you are using SPSS 26, then install Fix Pack 26.0.0.1 for Windows, if you have not already done so. This fix pack is required due to a bug in SPSS 26, as initially released.
- You must install the correct version of R, which is available at www.r-project.org, for your installed version of SPSS:
- FOR SPSS 27: Install R 3.6.x.
- FOR SPSS 26: Install R 3.5.x.
- After installing the fix pack (if needed) and R, perform these two steps:
- First, install the SPSS Statistics R Configuration Extension, according to these instructions. In those instructions, when you visit the Extension Hub you can search for 'STATS_R' to quickly locate the R extensions in the displayed list. Be sure to select the extension that matches your installed version of R (i.e., STATS_R36 or STATS_R35).
- Then, configure the SPSS Statistics Integration Plug-in for R, according to these instructions. During this process, you will be asked to specify your computer's R home directory. Here are their standard locations (they may differ on your computer), using R version 3.6.3 as an example:
- Windows: C:\Program Files\R\R-3.6.3
- Mac: /Library/Frameworks/R.framework/Versions/3.6/Resources
- Linux: /usr/lib64/R
Running R commands in SPSS:
(You must first perform the one-time setup procedures, noted just above.)
To use R commands within SPSS, open an SPSS Syntax window (from the SPSS menus, select File / New / Syntax). Then type your R commands, sandwiched between the "BEGIN PROGRAM R." and the "END PROGRAM." commands. Note that there is a period "." at the end of those two commands (but your R commands obey the usual R syntax rules). Here is a simple example:
x <- 2 + 5
cat("the value of x is", x)
END PROGRAM.
To then execute those commands, display the "Run" menu in the Syntax window and select "All," which instructs SPSS to execute all commands in the Syntax window. Any resulting output will typically be displayed in your SPSS Viewer window. (Note: The begin and end program commands can be typed in lower case.)
To execute a subset of the commands in the Syntax window, select (highlight) them with the mouse and then click the green triangular "Run Selection" toolbar button (or display the "Run" menu and choose "Selection"). Note that if you select and run any portion of an R "sandwich" (that is, the "BEGIN PROGRAM R." command, its subsequent "END PROGRAM." command and the R commands in between), the entire sandwich will be executed.
To save your Syntax window commands to a file, from the menus select File / Save. To re-use those commands in the future, re-open the file in a new Syntax window (from the menus of any SPSS window, select File / Open / Syntax and browse for your file).
Your R commands can read and write data from and to an SPSS data file. Here are some related articles of interest: